DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
ANALYSES
POEM USING STYLISTIC IN DISCOURSE
Oleh:
Cak Alnie
CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND
Discourse analysis is
the one of the way to study linguistic, but discourse more wide than
linguistic. Because discourse is shape, everything in our live is discourse.
For the analysis of discourse is the way we interpret the meaning in entity and
also the context. As we know in the
analysis of discourse is, necessarily, the analysis of language in use (Gillian
Brown. 1983: 1). That statement makes clear use that discourse analysis is
study of the language in use. In reality, we always use language in our live,
each second, each minutes, and also hours, it can call we use discourse.
Because discourse correlate with language. But, in this discussion I will
present the analysis discourse in literary. Especially in poem, as we know that
poem is the one of the product literary that deal in literature. Then literature is the art form realized
entirely though language (Malcoln Coulthard. 1985:179). As we know poem is
the one of art in language, usually poem representing the feeling of the
written.
And for analyses poem
we usually have two approach, the first is using binary opposition that deal in
structuralism in word and poetical word that deal in linguistic poetic. And for
the discourse for linguistic poetic we have pragmatic, semantic, syntax and
also lexicon language that deal with figure of speech. Then for structuralism we
deal in thematisation, staging and also represent in discourse in each word
that arise in the poem. However the poem deal in two approaches in analysis we
will try add one of knowledge in analysis poem view in discourse. The first is
stylistic, it is the character of the language that use of the writer.
Stylistic of the writer appear because of the background of the lives of the
writer itself. For further stylistic also deal in linguistic poetic that has
been discuss yet. Then the second is discourse representations that deal with
the interpretation of reader in understanding of the art or literary in this
case is poem.
In this discussion we
will analysis the poem that entitle is “Fork”. This poem written by Dusan Charles
Cimic and we focus in stylistic.
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
I. THE POEM
Fork
This
strange thing must have crept
Right
out of hell.
It
resembles a bird’s foot
Worn
around the cannibal’s neck.
As
you hold it in your hand,
As
you stab with it into a piece of meat,
It
is possible to imagine the rest of the bird:
Its
head which like your fist
Is
large, bald, beakless, and blind.
(X.J Kennedy Dana
Gioia. 2002: 518)
II.
THE
ANALYSES
It will discuss
in stylistic area. In the last discussion, we know that stylistic is the
characteristic of language that used by the writer. Then background of the
writer will affect the stylistic. In this poem also the stylistic also is
affected by the background of the live of the writer. So, in this case I will
present the biography of writer that is Dusan Charles Cimic. Biography is the
written history of a person's life. The person’s life likes where and when the
writer born and live, and how the writer’s life. Dusan Charles Simic was born
on May 9, 1938, in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, where he had a traumatic childhood
during World War II. In 1954 he emigrated from Yugoslavia with his mother and
brother to join his father in the United States. They lived in and around
Chicago until 1958.
After surviving
the horrific violence of World War II, Charles Simic uses poetry to expose
humanity's violent past.
His first poems
were published in 1959, when he was twenty-one. In 1961 he was drafted into the
U.S. Army, and in 1966 he earned his Bachelor's degree from New York University
while working at night to cover the costs of tuition.
After we know
the background of the life D. Charles Simic we can conclude that their poem is
affected by WORLD WAR II. From the title that “fork” is represent many of
violence in world war. Here the analyses each sentences:
1.
This strange thing must have crept
Pragmatic area : represent the act to out in unpleasant condition with crept in war.
Semantic area : represent the act out in war appropriate with the context of
the writer that in war country so he must right out in war.
Syntactic area : using past event that the war happened for a long time and he
must crept from this condition
Lexical :
the writer use strange and crept because the mental of the writer in
frightened.
2.
Right out of hell.
Pragmatic area : represent the act right out unpleasant
condition.
Semantic area : hell is the place that makes some
badness, so war like hell that make badness
Syntactic area : using present, so we conclude that war
always make badness
Lexical : the writer use hell to express
the badness condition lives in war country
3.
It resembles a bird’s foot
Pragmatic area : bird’s foot represent the colonial that
like resembles of bird that ripped the food.
Semantic area : In this sentence has meaning that
colonial always carries away the human right.
Syntactic area : using present tense, that statement of
colonial like bird’s foot always makes human right is not the needle.
Lexical : bird’s foot like violence of
colonial.
4.
Worn around the cannibal’s neck.
Pragmatic area : cannibal neck is showing that colonial
make free to make death person
Semantic area : in war died can found in everyday because
has not respect
Syntactic area : using past tense, we can interpret this
happened in past.
Lexical : using cannibal neck because want
to represent colonial is murderer
5.
As you hold it in your hand,
Pragmatic area : it here the pronoun of fork, as we know
that fork is acute or sharp. So the function of fork here is to make society
frightened because they have tool to make society frightened.
Semantic area : fork is to make ripped a food. Here the
meaning of fork is to make frightened society
Syntactic area : using present tense, it indicates that
colonial always has a tool to make society frightened.
Lexical : hold here is the represent of
colonial hold our freedom with his power
6.
As you stab with it into a piece of
meat,
Pragmatic area : here stab represent the colonial use fork
to stab the human freedom with their power.
Semantic area : in here fork use to carry away the
freedom with the stab, the meaning of the stab is ripping the freedom
Syntactic area : use present tense, so colonial always
ripped the freedom
Lexical : stab here is ripping the freedom
7.
It is possible to imagine the rest of
the bird:
Pragmatic area : represent impossible to become freedom in
war area
Semantic area : imagine of the rest bird, the meaning is
the writer try to imagination a freedom in war area
Syntactic area : using present tense, so we can conclude
that impossible we get freedom in war area
Lexical : just imagine about the freedom
8.
Its head which like your fist
Pragmatic area : if we imagine the freedom it will make us
more pain like get fist
Semantic area : we will get pain if we imagine about the
freedom
Syntactic area : using present tense that imagine fist
will get if we are thinking about freedom
Lexical : fist writer use this sentences
to represent their pain.
9.
Is large, bald, beakless, and blind.
Pragmatic area : colonial is the huge power, frightened, badness
and have no respect each other
Semantic area :
has large power, balk and frightened, beakless and badness then blind
make has no respect.
Syntactic area : all of the character of colonial that is
has power, frightened, bad, and no respect
Lexical : use the word large, bald,
beakless, and blind. Represent the colonial that they are frightening.
CHAPTER
III
CONCLUSION
We
use stylistic to analyses the Poem by Dusan Charles Cimic and the poem has
characteristic about colonialism that happened in their live. So it will make
the poem that written by him always contain about the violence of colonial to
the society. He imagines that colonialism is the badness thing that happened in
society. Then colonialism carries away the human right and also the freedom of
society. Then colonialism like fork that ripped anything in front of him. And
also like a bird foot that ready to attack the thing that want to block their
way.
With
their power, they spittle our respect, their blind about respect so they just
think about their self. With the frightening of people they have no respect
with each other. In fact in war area we will can life in freedom and cannot
life in good way. Although trying lifes in good ways it will make us more pain.
Then colonialism is desire in power, badness, frightened, and also has no
respect.
REFERENCES
Brown, Gillian. 1983. Discourse Analysis. New York: Cambridge University
Press
Coulthard, Malcoln. 1985. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis New
Edition. London and New York: Longman
Kennedy, X.J Dana Gioa. 2002. Literature an Introduction to Fiction,
Poetry and Drama. New York: Longman.
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